I Dream of Baby | A comprehensive guide for getting pregnant        Pre-conception Fertility Pregnancy Pregnancy loss Labor & Delivery  Ovulation Calculator Due Date Calculator Pregnancy Week by Week BBT chart       Fertility Getting pregnant may sound easy enough, but for most of us, it can take some time andeffort to achieve. Some women are lucky enough to get pregnant quickly,while others can take a year or more to achieve their goal. It can bevery frustrating and discouraging if you are one of the many women thathave a hard time conceiving. It may seem like everyone else around youis getting pregnant at the drop of a hat, but you. Do not getdiscouraged if you are unable to conceive immediately. On average, ahealthy couple will achieve their goal within six months to a year oftrying. There are many things that you can do to help speed up theprocess of conceiving. By paying careful attention to your body, youcan quickly learn how your individual cycle works and when you are mostfertile. Many women prefer to chart various aspects of their cycles.The most common charting methods involve keeping track of your basalbody temperature (commonly referred to as BBT), cervical mucous andcervical position. The use of ovulation predictor tests, purchased atyour local drugstore, can also help pinpoint your most fertile days.
You can print our BBT chart for personal use.
• Charting Basics
• Basal Body Temperature
• Cervical Position
• Cervical Mucous
• Ovulation Predictor Tests
• Ovulation Calculator
• & Fertility
• Positions
• Boy or Girl?
• Lubricants & Oils
• Saliva
• Hot Tubs
• Female Infertility
• Causes
• Female Fertiliy Tests
• Treatment Options
• Fertility Drugs
• Male Infertility
• Causes
• Sperm Analysis
• Other Tests
• Treatment Options
• Vitamins & Herbs
CHARTING BASICS
A typical menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days, with ovulation occurring around day 14. This is not to say that you ovulate on day 14 no matter what. If your cycle is longer or shorter than 28 days, your day of ovulation will be different. The first day of your period is day 1 of your cycle. You should ovulate 14 days prior to the first day of your next period. For example, if you have a cycle that lasts 31 days, you will most likely ovulate on day 17. If you have a cycle that lasts 25 days, you will most likely ovulate on day 11. By charting some of the changes your body experiences with each cycle, you will be able to recognize when you ovulate.
We recommend Taking Charge of Your Fertility (TCOYF) written by Toni Weschler. This groundbreaking book provides all the information women need to monitor their menstrual cycles.
• Basal Body Temperature
By tracking your basal body temperature (BBT), you will be able to tell if you are ovulating regularly and on which day of your cycle. Charting your BBT alone cannot tell you when to have intercourse, but over a course of a few months, it will help you pinpoint which day you normally ovulate. If you have a temperature spike on the thirteenth day of each cycle, you can predict that you will probably ovulate around day twelve of your future cycles. This will help you plan when your fertile days are and when to have intercourse. Occasionally, some women are never able to see a pattern with their temperatures, so do not give up hope if you do not see a pattern after charting for a few months.
For the first half of your cycle, or the follicular phase, your temperatures should remain low, usually between 97.0 and 97.8. Just prior to ovulation, your temperature will dip slightly. You will most likely ovulate on the day that you see your temperature dip. On the following day you should notice a temperature spike, indicating ovulation has already occurred. Once you have seen your spike, it is usually too late to have intercourse and hope to get pregnant. To time intercourse for achieving pregnancy, start having intercourse five days prior to your date of ovulation. Have intercourse at least once every other day until you know you have ovulated.
After ovulation, you will enter the second half of your cycle called the luteal phase. During your luteal phase, your temperatures can range from 98.0 to 98.6. Your temperature will begin to drop just before the start of your period. If you are pregnant, your basal body temperature will remain high and can range from 98.5 to 99.2. It will remain elevated until the birth of your baby.
To chart your basal body temperature, you will need a basic thermometer, nothing fancy. Just about any oral thermometer will do, as long as it measures the temperature in tenths of degrees, such as 97.5. Try to take your temperature before you get out of bed and around the same time each morning. It is best to take it after four consecutive hours of sleep. Do not eat or drink anything before taking your temperature. Keep in mind that illness, insomnia and alcohol consumption can affect your BBT. Note any of these on your chart. You can print our BBT chart for personal use.
• Cervical Position
Your cervix is the lower constricted part of your uterus that adjoins the vagina. The position of the cervix varies during different times of your cycle. By checking the position of your cervix, you can get a good idea of when you are going to ovulate. To check your cervix, you must first wash your hands thoroughly and make sure that you do not have any sharp nails that can tear the fragile tissue of your cervix and vagina. Insert one or two fingers into your vagina and feel for the cervix. It is easiest to do this while sitting on the toilet or while standing with one foot on the edge of the tub. It can take some time to get a hang of this so do not get discouraged. Note how your cervix feels. Is it low or high in your vagina? Does it feel soft or hard? If you do not want to put your finger inside yourself, have your partner feel for the cervical position. This can be best accomplished by sitting on your hands and knees, with your partner checking from behind. At the start of your cycle, your cervix should be low and hard. It should feel like the tip of your nose. As ovulation approaches, your cervix will begin to rise and soften. As it softens, it will feel more like your lips. Your cervix rises and softens in order to open up to let sperm in. Once ovulation has occurred, your cervix will return to its pre-ovulatory state of low and hard. Once you have become pregnant, your cervix will soften and remain that way for the rest of your pregnancy. You can chart your cervical position on our BBT chart.
• Cervical Mucous
Charting your cervical mucous is a good way to keep track of your fertility. You can check your cervical mucous (CM) each morning when you use the bathroom. Many times the consistency and appearance of the mucous is obvious when you wipe. Feel it between your fingers to check the consistency. At the start of your cycle, your cervical mucous can be thick and creamy. Within a few days prior to ovulation, your mucous will turn clear and slippery, similar to raw egg whites. When rubbed between your fingers, it will be stretchy and stringy. This is your "fertile mucous". This type of mucous is specifically designed to provide nourishment for the sperm and aid in motility. Without this "fertile mucous" the sperm may not be able to survive long in the vaginal canal. After ovulation has occurred, your cervical mucous will be thick and pasty. Your mucous may even dry up as your period approaches. When you are pregnant, your body produces more cervical mucous. You can chart your cervical mucous on our BBT chart.
• Ovulation Predictor Tests & Fertility Monitors
Many women prefer to use ovulation predictor tests to help them find out if they are ovulating and on which day. You can buy ovulation predictor tests over-the-counter at your local drugstore. They typically range from $25-$30 for one kit. Most tests contain five test strips, some contain seven. Try to test at the same time each day. The tests look for your LH surge, which occurs 24-36 hours prior to ovulation. Most tests will recommend that you begin testing four to five days prior to your expected date of ovulation. When you see a positive result, this is your most fertile time. Ovulation should occur within 24-36 hours. If you are using fertility drugs, your results may be altered. Most kits will tell you which fertility drugs can affect the results. If you are unsure, check with your doctor or contact the manufacturer of the kit.
Fertility monitors are available to the public as well. These monitors are more sensitive than the ovulation predictor tests. The monitors evaluate your LH and estrogen levels and provide you with a fertility ranking of "low", "high" or "peak". During less fertile days, your monitor will indicate "low". As you approach ovulation, your readings will become "high", indicating that you are entering your fertile period. When your monitor reads "peak", it has picked up your LH surge. You are now at your most fertile period in your cycle and can expect to ovulate within 24-36 hours. These monitors can cost up to $200 and test stick refills need to be purchased monthly at a cost of up to $50. One of the most popular monitors is the ClearPlan Easy Fertility Monitor.
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& FERTILITY
Trying to get pregnant can take all of the fun out of . It can alter your foreplay, your positioning and can even make you adhere to a schedule. It somehow takes the romance out of it when you pop out of the bathroom with a positive ovulation test and announce that it is time to have . Part of the fun of having is to be spontaneous. It may be more fun and seem less laborious if you seduce your partner during your fertile days. When you are approaching ovulation, dress in something y before bedtime or give your partner a massage. Think of ways to keep fun, even if it still seems "planned".
• Positions
There are positions that can help deposit the sperm closer to the cervix. There are two popular positions for achieving this. The first position is missionary style, with the man on top. It is best to do this with a pillow under your hips. This can help deposit the sperm closer to the cervix. The other position is the rear-entry style. This can also help deposit the sperm deep in the vaginal canal and close to the cervix.
Physical activity or standing up and walking around immediately after intercourse may affect the amount of sperm that stays inside you. It probably is not wise to run to the bathroom immediately after intercourse. To counteract this, many women have taken up the technique of lying down with a pillow under their hips for about 30 minutes after intercourse. It may help keep the sperm closer to the cervix for a longer period of time. Some of us have probably spent more time with pillows under our hips than we would like to admit, but when you get desperate to get pregnant, you will try just about anything. Some people dispute this method, saying that people have been getting pregnant for thousands of years without pillows. You decide.
• Boy or Girl?
You may come across many ideas of how to achieve conceiving the of your choice. Some of the methods you may discover can entail monitoring the cycles of the moon, sleeping on a certain side or even centrifuging your partner's sperm in hopes of separating the "male" sperm (sperm carrying the Y chromosome) from the "female" sperm (sperm carrying the X chromosome). Some ideas sound downright absurd while others have potential. Unfortunatly, none of these ideas have ever been proven to be successful.
One of the more popular methods for conceiving a particular involves the timing of intercourse. Sperm carrying the X chromosome are larger, heavier and slower than sperm carrying the Y chromosome. It takes them longer to reach the egg than the Y sperm. This has led some researchers to believe that it may be possible to choose the of your baby based on the timing of intercourse. If you want a girl, have three to four days prior to ovulation and then stop. Do not have again until after you are sure you have ovulated. This will give your partner's lumbersome X sperm time to get to the egg, thus increasing your chances for conceiving a girl. If you want a boy, do not have until the day of ovulation. Your partner's quicker Y sperm will reach the egg first. Sperm live up to five days so do not worry that having intercourse several days prior to ovulation can ruin your chances for conceiving.
• Lubricants & Oils
Many couples like to use lubricants and oils to enhance their lives. Unfortunately, many of these are not sperm-friendly. Try to avoid using these while you are trying to conceive. If you are uncomfortable having intercourse and absolutely need a lubricant, use water-based products. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see which brands of lubricants are the most sperm-friendly.
• Saliva
Oral may be a big part of your life, but you will need to avoid it while you are trying to conceive. The bacteria present in your saliva can kill sperm. You may return to your normal routine once you are past your fertile days.
• Hot Tubs
Hot tubs can be fun, however it can harm your fertility in more ways than one. The heat can decrease your partner's sperm count and harm your eggs and can have residual effects for up to several weeks. The mere fact of having in water can prevent you from getting pregnant. The water washes away the sperm before it has a chance to enter the cervix. Avoid having intercourse in hot tubs, baths, pools or any other body of water.
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FEMALE INFERTILITY
Infertility affects about 10% of couples, regardless of age, and it affects both males and females alike. Studies have proven that almost half of fertility problems are male-related. Usually a couple is encouraged to seek the advice of a fertility expert after they have been trying unsuccessfully for a year, or six months in an older couple. Your doctor can refer you to a reputable, board certified fertility expert in your area. Many causes of infertility are treatable. Infertility treatments can be costly and many insurance companies will not cover related procedures or tests. Check with your insurance company to see what is covered and what is not in regards to infertility so that you will not be unexpectedly buried by the costs of treatment.
• Causes
There can be many causes for female infertility. The most common causes and treatment options are listed below:
Anovulation - The absence of ovulation is one of the most common causes of female infertility. Menstrual irregularities is usually the biggest indicator that anovulation may be your problem. Many factors can cause a woman to have ovulatory problems. It can be the result of hormonal imbalances, improper diet, stress or excessive exercise. This problem can be easily resolved, depending on the cause of the problem. If it is due to hormonal imbalances, there are several fertility drugs available that can help you to ovulate regularly. If hormonal imbalances are not the cause, sometimes simply changing eating or exercising habits can help the problem. Stress can temporarily bring your fertility to a halt. The death of a loved one or recent traumatic event can interrupt your ovulation. Usually your body will return to normal within three months if this is the cause. If not, you need to consult a doctor.
Blocked uterine tube - This is another common cause of infertility. You may be ovulating normally and everything else checks out alright. However, a blockage in one or both of your uterine tubes can prevent sperm from reaching the egg. A blockage can be diagnosed with a hysterosalpingogram, or HSG. For this procedure, dye is injected into your uterus. The radiologist will monitor the dispersion of the dye using x-ray. If the dye cannot be seen entering both uterine tubes, then chances are you have a blocked tube. There are surgical procedures that can be performed to correct this problem.
Hormonal imbalances - Any sort of hormonal imbalance can affect your fertility. Most often, it will cause annovultion, or the lack of ovulation. Sometimes it can affect the lining of your uterus and prevent a fertilized egg from implanting. With any hormonal imbalance, it can be easily treated with medication.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) - This is one of the most common diseases responsible for infertility. With PCOD, your body begins to manufacture high levels of testosterone, estrogen and LH. This hormonal imbalance causes menstrual irregularities and ceases ovulation. In most cases of PCOD, medication can help reverse this imbalance and help a woman achieve ovulation. Studies have shown that women with PCOD who eat a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables have a higher chance for conceiving. Many fresh fruits and vegetables contain a supplement called D-chiro-inositol, which is linked to higher conception rates in women diagnosed with PCOD. In extreme cases of this disease, infertility cannot be reversed.
Endometriosos - Endometriosis is the presence and growth of functioning endometrial tissue in places other than the uterus. One of the more common places for this tissue to grow is on the ovaries. It can cause significant structural damage, resulting in infertility. Stress can cause endometriosis to spread quicker and cause more damage. This disease in usually incurable. Lesions caused by the disease can be removed but many times they quickly grow back. Successful treatment options are limited. Less severe forms of endometriosis can be treated with hormone therapy and medications. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary. Talk to your doctor about different treatment options for endometriosis.
Abortions - Abortions can cause damage to your cervix and uterus. This will not affect your ability to ovulate, but it will affect the ability of a fertilized egg to implant into the uterus or the ability of your cervix to support a pregnancy. This can result in a miscarriage or preterm labor. Repeated abortions can cause severe scarring of the uterus. Large amounts of scar tissue can cause your uterus to tighten up or even close up completely. Scar tissue can usually be seen with a hysterosalpingogram, or HSG. If you experienced complications with your abortion, such as a large amount of bleeding or pain, your chances are higher for fertility problems.
General uterine abnormalities - You can have an abnormally shaped cervix or uterus or you may have scar tissue in your uterus or on your ovaries. Any of these problems can lead to infertility. It can be the result of disease, cancer, ually-transmitted diseases or abortion. This can hinder fertilization and implantation of the egg. There are surgical procedures that can help reverse these problems. In-vitro fertilization may also be a successful treatment option.
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• Female Fertility Tests
There are many tests available to help pinpoint the cause of your infertility. Below is a list of the most common tests your doctor may recommend.
Blood tests - Most female fertility problems are due to hormonal imbalances. Imbalances can prevent you from ovulating and conceiving successfully. Multiple blood tests may be required. Your doctor will have you come in on specific days in your cycle. He will want to see if your body is producing adequate amounts of FSH and LH. This can help determine whether or not you are ovulating. He may also want to look at your progesterone levels during your luteal phase, usually around day 20 in your cycle. If you are ovulating, you should have high levels of progesterone present in your blood at the time of the test. If your levels are low, you probably did not ovulate that cycle. Your doctor may also check estrogen levels. Estrogen works in conjunction with progesterone to maintain the lining of your uterus during the second half of your cycle. If all of these hormones fall within normal ranges, your doctor may want to check your thyroid levels, your testosterone and DHEA levels, and prolactin levels. If any of these hormones are out of balance, it will affect your cycle and your ability to conceive. Hormone imbalances can be corrected with medication such as Clomid or Pergonal.
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) - This is a common diagnostic procedure that is usually performed in a radiology clinic. This test will help determine if you have a blocked tube, physical abnormalities or if you have moderate amounts of scar tissue in your uterus. For this procedure you will be taken in to a typical x-ray room. You will lie on your back with your legs spread and your feet in stirups. Your cervix will be dilated. Some radiologists will inject a numbing agent into your cervix first to help ease the discomfort of the procedure. A small tube will be placed in your uterus. The radiologist will inject dye into your uterus and use x-ray to watch how it disperses. Typically, the dye should progress up both uterine tubes and "leak" out into the abdominal cavity once it has reached the ovaries. If the dye cannot be seen in one or both of the tubes, you may have a blockage. A blockage can prevent sperm from reaching your egg, thus hindering your ability to get pregnant. Tubes can be surgically unblocked. One word of advice for this procedure. It can be a very uncomfortable exam to go through. Take Tylenol or Advil 45 minutes prior to your HSG. If you are sensitive to pain, ask your doctor for a prescription for something stronger. Pain relievers will help ease the cramping you may experience following the procedure.
Ultrasound - Your doctor may order an ultrasound. If it is performed around your day of ovulation, it can tell the doctor whether or not you are ovulating. If you are, the doctor will be able to view developing follicles. The ultrasound can show if you have ovarian cysts or growths in your uterus. Your doctor will also be able to view the thickness of your uterine lining. If the lining is too thin or too thick, it can impair the ability of a fetilized egg to implant successfully.
Postcoital test - During your fertile days, your cervix produces a clear and slimey mucous, similar to raw egg whites. Many refer to this mucous as your "fertile mucous". This type of mucous provides nourishment for sperm and aids in motility. Without this "fertile mucous" around the time of ovulation, the sperm will have poor motility and may die from the inhospitable environment of the vagina. Your doctor may want to examine a sample of your cervical mucous immediately after intercourse. He will examine how well the sperm are able to swim and survive in your mucous. If you are not producing the right type of mucous, it is usually a result of an estrogen imbalance. Fertility drugs can also interfere with the production of cervical mucous.
Endometrial biopsy - This test is used to check the quality of your endometrial lining. Your doctor will remove a small amount of tissue from your uterus and examine it under the microscope. He can determine whether or not you are ovulating based on the appearance of the sample and by the presence of progesterone. Inadequate amounts of progesterone indicate that you are not ovulating.
Endoscopic procedures-Laparoscopy, Hysteroscopy, Falloscopy and Culdoscopy - Each of these tests are used to examine specific organs of your reproductive system. Each test requires that you go under sedation. An endoscopic intrument is inserted inside you. It relays back images of your organs to the doctor. Your doctor can view the entire exam on a monitor. He will be able to see if there are abnormalities, growths or disease present.
Do not give up hope if you have fertility problems. Thanks to medical advances, there are many options available that can assist you in achieving pregnancy. Do not expect it to happen overnight however. It can take several months or even years of fertility treatments before you are able to conceive. It can be a long and frustrating road. Fertility problems can cause a lot of stress and anxiety. It can even ruin a marriage or relationship. Try to incorporate relaxation techniques into your daily schedule, whether it is exercise, stretching, a warm bubble bath or reading. Relaxation is an important part of conception. Without it, your stress can add to your fertility problems.
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• Fertility Treatment Options
There are many options available to help you to conceive if the old fashioned method is not working for you. Many of these treatment options are costly and are not covered by many insurance companies. Listed below are the most common methods of treatment.
Drug therapy - There are several drugs available that can help start your period, regulate your cycle and assist in ovulation. If you cannot conceive due to the fact that you do not have your period, your doctor may prescribe medroxyprogesterone (Provera) to stimulate your body to begin menstruation. If you have an irregular cycle and are not ovulating regularly, fertility drugs may be your key to a successful conception. These are designed to stimulate hormone production, regulate your cycle and aid in ovulation. See the subheading "Fertility Drugs" below to find out about the different drugs available.
Artificial insemination (Vaginal, Intracervical, Intrauterine (IUI), Intrafallopian) - Artificial insemination (AI) is the process of introducing sperm into the female reproductive tract by artificial means. This method is done within 24 hours prior to ovulation to help maximize your chances of becoming pregnant. Artificial insemination can be helpful for a couple with a decreased sperm count or low motility, a couple who is using donor sperm, or when a woman wants to conceive without the aid of a man. When intravaginal insemination is used, the semen is injected through a catheter into the woman's vagina. When intracervical, intrauterine or intrafollopian insemination is used, the sperm must first be washed to remove all of the other constituents. If whole semen is injected into the cervix or uterus, it will cause severe uterine contractions and can be dangerous to your health. Once the sperm is washed, it is injected through a small catheter into your cervix, uterus or fallopian tubes. The success rate of artificial insemination is 10-15%. The cost of this procedure is around $300.
Donor sperm - Donor sperm may be used when there is a significant problem with your partner's sperm. Your doctor will artificially inseminate you using the donor sperm.
Donor eggs - Donor eggs are fertilized using your partner's sperm in a laboratory setting and then injected into your uterus. This method is used only when a woman cannot ovulate even with the intervention of fertility drugs or has other severe infertility problems. The pregnancy success rate is around 45%. The cost for this procedure is around $9,000 per cycle.
In vitro fertilization (IVF) - This procedure involves the use of fertility drugs to cause super-ovulation. Your doctor will surgically remove several eggs from your ovary and combine them in a laboratory setting with your partner's sperm. The fertilized eggs will be implanted into your uterus. There is an increased risk for producing multiples with this procedure. The success rate for this procedure is 25%. The cost of IVF is around $8,000-10,000 per cycle.
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) -
This procedure involved the use of fertility drugs to cause super-ovulation. Your eggs will be surgically removed and then injected along with your partner's sperm into your uterine (fallopian) tube. There is an increased risk for producing multiples with this procedure. The success rate for GIFT is 27%. The cost for this procedure is around $8,000-10,000 per cycle.
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) - This process is similar to IVF, however with ZIFT, the fertilized eggs are inserted into the fallopian (uterine) tube instead of directly into the uterus. The success rate is 25%. The cost of ZIFT is around $9,000-10,000 per cycle.
Frozen embryo transfer (FET) - Surplus fertilized eggs from an IVF treatment are frozen and stored for future use. When you are ready for another treatment, the embryos can be implanted into the uterus. The success rate for using frozen embryos is 15%. The cost of the transfer is around $1,000-1,500.
Intracyto-plasmic sperm injection (ICSI) - Your egg is fertilized using your partner's sperm in a laboratory setting. The fertilized egg is then implanted into your uterus. The success rate for ICSI is 25%. The cost is around $12,000 per cycle.
Surgery - There are several surgical treatment options to help you to conceive. Surgery is only necessary if there are significant abnormalities present. Such abnormalities include vaginal, cervical, uterine or ovarian abnormalities, or blocked uterine tubes.
Surrogacy - When all other options fail, some couples will turn to surrogacy. In this method, a surrogate mother is chosen. She may be artificially inseminated with your partner's sperm, using her own egg to be fertilized. Or your egg will be fertilized using your partner's sperm in a laboratory similar to IVF and then implanted into the surrogate mother.
Adoption - When you have exhausted all your options and you cannot get pregnant, you may want to consider adoption. There are many babies and children available for adoption. There are many methods for pursuing adoption. You can adopt through the state or through a private agency either within the country or abroad. It can sometimes be easier and quicker to adopt internationally. Adoptions through private agencies can cost $15,000-30,000 depending on where the child is adopted from. State adoptions can be cheaper. You will be responsible for the legal costs of adoption.
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• Fertility Drugs
There are many fertility drugs on the market. Many women who are eager to get pregnant are also eager to get on fertility drugs in hopes of getting pregnant faster. Fertility drugs are specifically designed for women who are not ovulating on their own or have some type of hormonal dysfunction. Fertility drugs are not safe to use in women who are ovulating on their own and who have no true cause of infertility. It can cause over-stimulation in women who are otherwise healthy. This can lead to an increased risk for ovarian cancer and other risks. Discuss all of the side effects and risks of fertility drugs with your doctor. If you do begin a course of medication, make sure your doctor monitors you while you are taking the medication. Some doctors prescribe fertility drugs and cut their patients loose without warning or any sort of monitoring. It could put you at further risk for complications if you are not monitored closely by a physician.
You will also face an increased risk for multiple births (twins, triplets, etc) when you take fertility drugs. Your pregnancy will be considered high-risk if you are carrying twins or more and you have a good chance of delivering the babies early. On average, it takes an extra 15% of income to support each additional child born. That adds up fast if you have triplets or more.
Below is a list of the most common fertility drugs and how they can help you. All of these drugs are designed to help you ovulate by supplementing or stimulating hormone production. Remember, there are risks to all of these drugs. Your doctor can discuss these risks with you.
• medroxyprogesterone
Brand names:
Provera
Causes an increase in progesterone and a build-up of your uterine lining. This drug is usually taken for 10 days. Once you have stopped taking this drug, the sudden drop in progesterone levels causes your body to start menstruation. This drug is helpful for women who have very irregular cycles or who do not menstruate.
• clomiphene citrate
Brand names:
Clomid, Serophene
Causes your pituitary gland to secrete more FSH and LH, promoting egg growth and ovulation. Increases your risk for multiple births (twins, triplets, etc).
• human menopausal gonadotropin
Brand names:
Pergonal, Humegon, Repronex
Increases levels of FSH and LH. Can cause super-ovulation and greatly increases your risk for multiple births.
• urofollitropin
Brand names:
Fertinex
Increases levels of FSH and LH. May be taken in conjuction with hCG to cause ovulation. Can cause super-ovulation and greatly increases your risk for multiple births.
• follitropin beta/follitropin alpha
Brand names:
Gonal-F, Follistim
Simulates effects of FSH, stimulating egg development and growth. Slightly increases your risk for miscarriage.
• human chorionic gonadotrpins (hCG)
Brand names:
Pregnyl, Profasi, APL
Simulates effects of LH. Can cause super-ovulation and increases your risk for multiple births.
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Brand names:
Factrel, Lutrepulse
Stimulates production of FSH and LH. Best used for women with a luteal-phase defect.
• progesterone
Brand names:
Crinone, Prometrium
This drug is used to supplement progesterone levels in pregnant women who are at risk for miscarriage as a result of low progesterone levels or if there is a history of miscarriages.
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MALE INFERTILITY
• Causes
There are several reasons why a male may be suffering fertility problems. Here is a list of the most common problems.
Sperm abnormalities - Almost all male fertility problems are linked to sperm abnormalities. A sperm analysis is the best way to diagnose this type of problem. Common abnormalites include a lowered sperm count, decreased motility and abnormal morphology. Drug therapy can help remedy this problem. Artificial insemination may be your best bet for achieving pregnancy.
Impotence - For some men, the inability to achieve an erection is the sole cause of infertility. The most common method of treatment for this problem is drug therapy.
Premature ejaculation - If your partner is ejaculating prematurely (prior to penetration), there are drugs and procedures available to help correct this problem.
Tight pants - Tight pants and tight underwear can cause a rise in testicular temperature. This elevated temperature can affect sperm production. Try to have your partner wear lose pants and boxers while you are trying to conceive.
Previous injury - A previous injury to the groin may have caused damage resulting in decreased fertility.
Drug/alcohol use - Drug or alcohol use can affect sperm production and even the genetic material within the sperm. Try to avoid all drugs and alcohol while you are trying to conceive.
Vericocele - A vericocele is an enlarged, dilated vein outside the scrotum. This enlarged vessel slows down the blood flow to the scrotum and causes a rise in testicular temperature. The increased temperature can affect sperm production.
Blocked tube - A blocked tube within the male reproductive tract can prevent the semen from being ejaculated. This problem can be solved through surgical intervention or your partner's sperm can be aspirated and artificially inseminated.
Vasectomy - If your partner has had a vasectomy in the past, it will obviously affect your ability to conceive. Vasectomies can be successfully reversed.
Lack of semen - Sometimes a man can produce adequate quantities of sperm, but not enough semen (lubricating and nourishing constituents). This can be caused by a blockage.
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• Sperm Analysis
Almost all male fertility problems are linked to sperm abnormalities. A sperm analysis is the best way to find out if your partner has a fertility problem. It is a simple procedure. Your partner will be asked for a sperm sample. The sample will be analyzed for several factors:
Sperm count -The number of sperm in a sample will be counted. The male will be considered to have a low sperm count if he has a sperm concentration under 20 million/ml. Many factors can affect sperm count such as stress, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, alcohol or drug use, disease or injury to the groin area. Luckily, there are several treatment options if the only problem found is related to sperm count.
Motility -The movement of the sperm will be observed. Motility is an important quality in sperm. They must be able to swim well in order to reach the egg. If the sperm is sluggish or unable to move properly, the sperm will be considered to have low motility.
Morphology -The shape of the sperm will be checked. If the sperm are abnormally shaped, it will affect their ability to swim and may hinder them from reaching the egg. There is a potential fertility problem if more than 50% of the sperm are abnormally shaped.
Viscosity -The consistency of the sperm will be checked. If the semen is too thick, it may indicate that there is an infection present. Antibiotics may be prescribed to remedy this problem.
pH -The normal pH level of semen is between 7.2 and 7.8. If the pH level is not within this range, it can affect the quality and concentration of sperm.
Volume -The amount of semen in a sample is measured. The normal amount of ejaculate ranges from two to five milliliters. If the amount is more or less than this, there may be a problem.
Appearance -The appearance of the sample will be observed. If the color is abnormal, it may indicate the presence of infection.
If all aspects of the semen fall within normal ranges, chances are the problem lies with the female. However, if one or more factors are found to be abnormal in the sperm analysis, the test will be repeated to be sure that there is problem. Stress, illness or insomnia may have affected the first sample so it is best to repeat the procedure when abnormalities are found. If the second sperm analysis turns up abnormal, then your doctor will procede to different tests. Many times the next step involves blood tests, cultures, egg penetration tests or biopsies. It will vary depending on what the problem is and the preferred approach by your individual doctor.
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• Other Tests
Once male infertility has been established after a sperm analysis, your doctor will want to do further tests. Listed below are the most common tests to help pinpoint the cause of male infertility.
Bacterial cultures - A semen sample will be cultured to check for the presence of infection. A culture will be able to tell the doctor what type of infection it is and which antibiotic will be the most effective to treat the problem.
Blood tests - The doctor will want to check thyroid function and hormone levels. If any of these values are off, it may indicate a problem with hormone production which can affect sperm production.
Mucous penetration test - In this test, your partner's sperm is placed in a test tube containing mucous. The sperm will be examined to see how well it swims through the mucous. The number of sperm that are able to make it through the mucous will be counted and graded accordingly. If the sperm is unable to sufficiently swim through this medium, then there may be a problem with it penetrating your cervical mucous in the vagina and cervix.
Egg penetration test - Your partner's sperm will be combined with a hamster egg in a laboratory setting. The sperm will be examined to see if it is able to penetrate the egg. If it is not, there may be a problem with the chemical composition of the head of the sperm. In normal sperm, the head contains special enzymes that help break down the outer layer that surrounds the egg. Without these special enzymes, the sperm cannot penetrate the egg.
Fluid aspiration -
Fluid is aspirated directly from the vas deferens. The sample is viewed under a microscope and checked for the presence of sperm. If no sperm is found, a blockage is likely.
Saline test - The vas deferens is flushed with a harmless saline solution. If something is preventing the vessel from being flushed, then a blockage is likely.
Vasogram - A contrast dye is injected into the vas deferens. The dispersion of the dye is monitored using x-ray. The location of a blockage can be determined with this procedure.
Biopsy - A small tissue sample will be removed from your partner's testicle and examined under a microscope. Your doctor will be able to determine whether or not he is producing sperm.
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• Treatment Options
Male infertility is often treatable and is usually much easier to treat than female infertility. Listed below are the most common treatment options available for male infertility.
Artificial insemination (AI) - This is one of the most common treatment options for male infertility. It is the treatment of choice when sperm count or decreased motility is the cause of fertility problems. In this procedure, a semen sample is used to artificially inseminate the woman.
Drug therapy - Drug therapy can be used to overcome impotence or hormonal imbalances.
Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) - With this procedure sperm is aspirated from the epididymis through a small incision in the scrotum. The sperm is then artificially inseminated into the female.
Percutaneous epididymis sperm aspiration (PESA) - Sperm is aspirated from the epididymis without an incision. The sperm is then artificially inseminated into the female.
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) - A microscopic instrument is used to extract sperm directly from your partner's testicle. The sperm is then used to artificially inseminate the female.
Reversed vasectomy - A vasectomy can be successfully reversed through surgical intervention.
Surgery - Surgery can be used to correct a vericocele or to treat a blockage.
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VITAMINS & HERBS
There are many vitamins and herbs that can be taken to help enhance fertility. As with all herbs, the benefits of taking them have never been proven in clinical studies. Here is a list of some of the more popular vitamins and herbs taken for fertility purposes:
• Black Cohosh Root
Used to promote healthy menstruation and to treat symptoms of PMS, menstrual cramps, dysmenorrhea, mood swings and menopause. Its ability to mimic estrogen makes it a valuable female supplement. Short-term, daily use may help stimulate menstrual flow in women suffering from dysmenorrhea. In menstruating women, take during the follicular phase (first half) of your cycle. Do not take this supplement if pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Calcium
Strengthens bones and teeth, helps prevent muscle cramping. Take with Vitamin D.
• Damiana Leaves
Treats infertility, hormonal imbalances, menstrual problems, impotence, increases sperm count and strengthens egg. Do not take this supplement if pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Dong Quai
Chinese medicinal herb used to help regulate menstrual cycle and to treat PMS and menstrual cramping. This supplement is best taken during the follicular phase (first half) of your cycle. Do not take this supplement if pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Evening Primrose Oil
Essential fatty acid found in this oil helps to regulate female hormonal imbalances and treats PMS. Deficiencies of essential fatty acids have been linked to hormonal imbalances and menstrual irregularities. Do not take this supplement if pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Feverfew
Has analgesic (pain-relieving) properties. Used to treat menstrual cramps. If you suffer from migraine headaches, clinical studies in England confirm the efficacy of feverfew leaves for prevention and moderation of migraines.
• Folic Acid
Deficiencies can affect fertility in both es. Folic acid is crucial in the development of the fetus. Deficiencies before and during pregnancy can cause neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Start taking this supplement four to six months before you try to conceive and continue taking it throughout your pregnancy. High doses of this supplement has also been found to reduce the risk of cervical cell abnormalities and cervical cancer.
• Ginger
Helps to aleviate morning sickness in pregnancy.
• Green Tea
Contains antioxidants, which neutralize potentially damaging free radicals in your body. Can increase your odds of conceiving if you drink a cup a day. Treats nausea, dizziness and diarrhea.
• Iron
Aids in production of red blood cells. Take regularly if you are experiencing heavy bleeding to help prevent anemia. Necessary to carry oxygen to your body and developing baby. Include in your daily supplements if you are pregnant.
• Licorice Root
A Chinese herb used to treat female reproductive problems. Studies have shown that Licorice has been known to decrease androgen levels in women with PCOS. It can stimulate the production of estrogen and regulate hormone fluctuation. Take potassium supplements with this herb. This supplement is best taken during the follicular phase (first half) of your cycle. Do not take this supplement if pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Sarsaparilla Root
Helps the body maintain normal hormonal function. Do not take this supplement if pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Saw Palmetto Berries
Used by Ancient Mayans and American Indians to treat disorders of the genitourinary tract and aids in treatment of menstrual dysfunction   Pre-conception | Fertility | Free Fertility Software | BBT Chart | Ovulation Calculator | Pregnancy | Due Date Calculator | Pregnancy Week by Week Pregnancy Loss | Labor & Delivery | Resources | Message Boards | About us | Contact Us | Legal © 2008 I Dream of Baby | A comprehensive guide for getting pregnant.    _uacct = "UA-1446576-1";urchinTracker(); _qacct="p-27eOGciepSUlo";quantserve(); |
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